The following article by Dipak Basu, read about the letter by Nehru
to Atlee, specialy.
You can find the same in this link too
http://www.ivarta. com/columns/ OL_060603. htm Mukherjee Commission and the Mystery of Netaji's Disappearence By: Dr.Dipak Basu
June 03, 2006
Mukherjee Commission did its job perfectly within the limits of the
legal formalities and as a result the main question was not
answered: what has happened to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose when he
had embarked upon his journey from
Bangkok on 14th or 15th August
1945.
The whole nation should be grateful to Anuj Dhar of Hindustan Times
and Prof.Purabi Roy of Jadavpur University for compiling and
discovering some information that may help us to imagine that
fateful journey of Netaji. Dr.Hirendra Narayan Sarkar's book , 'A
Homage to Netaji: a Commentary on his life & Activities' is also a
helpful addition. The affidavit of Prof.Purabi Roy to the
Mukherkjee Commission is in the website created by Anuj Dhar:
www.hindustantime. com/news/ specials/ Netaji/purabi. htm.
Nehru and Netaji:
Although some politicians are trying to put the blame on
Jawaharlal
Nehru for not trying to uncover the mystery, Nehru was at best a
helpless spectator not an actor in this matter.
When the Khosla commission was appointed in 1970, Shyamlal Jain from
Meerut gave his statements to the commission. He was asked by Nehru
to come to Asif Ali's residence with the typewriter on 26/ 27
December 1945. He was given a letter to type; with a vague signature
at its bottom. It had the following content:
"Netaji reached Dairen in Manjuria at 1:30 pm on 23rd August 1945,
from Saigon by plane. The plane was a Japanese bomber. He had plenty
of gold with him in bars and ornaments. After disembarking, he ate
banana and drank tea. He and 4 others, one of them a Japanese
officer Shidei; got into a jeep and went towards the Russian border.
After about 3 hours, the jeep came back and gave the pilot
instruction to fly back to Tokyo."
Nehru asked Jain to type a letter to the then British prime minister
Clements Attlee. The letter had the following content....
Mr Clements Attlee
British Prime Minister
10 Downing Street, LondonDear Mr Attlee,
I understand from most reliable source that Subhash Chandra Bose,
your war criminal, has been allowed to enter Russian territory by
Stalin. This is a clear treachery and betrayal of faith by the
russians as
Russia has been an ally of the British- Americans, which
she should not have done.
Please take care of it and do what you consider proper and fit.
Yours sincerely,
Jawaharlal NehruOn August 23, 1945, the home member of the Indian government, Sir
R.F.Mudie prepared a report (Ref: Top Secret Letter no. 57 dated 23
August 1945) as to how to handle Netaji. It was addressed to Sir
E.Jenkins. The viceroy submitted this report to the English
cabinet. `
Russia may accept Bose under special circumstances. If
that is the case, we shouldn't demand him back' was the cabinet's
decision on this. After considering this, the British prime minister
Clements Attlee decided `Let him remain where he is now'. This
decision was taken in October 1945. It clearly indicates that he was
alive even in Oct 1945.
In 1946, Nehru met Mountbatten in
Singapore. On no occasion after
this meeting, Nehru has been reported of praising the
INA. He had
agreed to the demand from the Indians in Singapore to place wreath
and flowers at Netaji's martyr dome there, but withdrew quite
dramatically on the 11th hour.
Hari Vishnu Kamath M.P. demanded a probe into Netaji's absconding in
the parliament in 1952. Nehru didn't agree to this at first! (Ref:
Page 103, Annexure 21, Appendix I to Parliamentary Debates, Fifth
Session 1952). When those who demanded the probe made amendments for
a non-official commission under the great Dr Radhavinod Pal, who was
one of the 11 Judges in the
Tokyo trial of the Japanese War-time
prime minister Tojo and his associates in 1948; all of a sudden,
Nehru incepted the Shah Nawaz commission on 5th April 1956! What is
most interesting was the commission was neither allowed to visit the
place of accident nor did the government seek the permission of the
Formosa government.
It is important to know that Shah Nawaz Khan, the commanding
officer in the Kohima front had close contact with his brother, an
officer in the British-Indian army in
Kohima and has revealed the
codes and the military plans of the Japanese and the Azad Hind Army.
As a result Netaji removed him from that position and sent him to
Burma. Shah Nawaz Khan became a Pakistani citizen but was invited by
Nehru to be a minister in
India and to investigate about Netaji,
whom he betrayed during the Azad Hind Army's campaign in
Kohima.
Netaji's journey from
Bangkok to Manchuria:
In 1952, S.A.Aiyer, a senior government official and Nehru's friend,
visited Tokyo, after which he handed over a personal note to Nehru.
The letter as it is, is given below:
"This time I could gather a very important information. Col.Tada
told me that after the end of the war when
Japan surrendered,
Terauchi took all responsibility to help Netaji and asked him (Tada)
to go to
Kaka Bose (His Excellency Bose) and tell him to reach
Russian territory - all help will be given to him. It was arranged
that Chandra Bose will fly in the plane in which Shidei was going.
General Shidei will look after Chandra Bose upto Dairen, and
thereafter, he could fall back on his own resources to contact
Russians. Japanese would announce to the world that Bose had
disappeared from Dairen. That would absolve them of all
responsibility in the eyes of the Allies."
Nehru didn't inform this to the parliament despite controversies for
a long time. He even didn't hand over his own files on Netaji to the
commission. (Ref: Prime Minister's Special File)
This is the official death certificate of `Netaji' issued by the
Health and Hygiene Bureau in
Formosa, where it was necessary to
produce the death certificate for cremation.
Person died - Ichiro Okura
Date of birth - 1900 April 9
Cause of death - Cardiac arrest
Job - Soldier, temporary
Date of death - 19 August 4:00 pm
Date of permission for cremation - 21 August 1945
Date of cremation - 22 August 1945
Person requesting for the cremation - Dr Thaneoshi Yoshimi; doctor
treated
The time of death in Habibur Rahman's statements to different
commissions vary between 5 PM August 18th to 12 AM August 19th, and
4 PM 19 August.
Netaji was reported to be alive even after 1945 by the British
intelligence from
Teheran and
Kabul quoting the Russian embassy
officials. This was even stated in the Shah Nawaz commission report
(File No. 10/ Mis/ INA-pp 38, 39). Reports of the officers appointed
by Mountbatten and McArthur, and the reports of BACIS (British
American Counter Intelligence Service) have all completely discarded
any possibility of such a plane crash to have happened. They all
provided statements that Habibur Rahman hasn't told the truth; most
possibly he has promised Netaji to hide the facts.
The statements by the
INA officials, Japanese military officials,
British intelligence reports, and The Top Secret Files published by
the British government in 1976 all say Netaji was alive in Soviet
Russia.
The
INA meeting in
Kanpur from July 15 to 18, 1947 had requested
Nehru to take the
INA soldiers in the
Indian army. Even Mohammad Ali
Jennah kept his word by posting the
INA members in his army; but
Nehru didn't.
One of the three members in the Shah Nawaz commission was Netaji's
brother Suresh Chandra Bose. He didn't agree to the report of the
commission. He even wrote to Nehru that his brother didn't reach
Taihoku; so he didn't die there! Nehru wrote back to him; "There is
no precise or direct proof of Netaji's death".
Netaji's Confidential Personal Assistant, E.Bhaskaran gave this
statement before the Shah Nawaz commission about a letter by Netaji,
addressed to John Thivi, a minister in the Azad Hind government,
written on 1945 August 17 at 3 am. The letter contains these words:
`I am writing this letter, because I am going for a long journey.
Who knows I won't get into a plane accident.'
The British intelligence has reported that Nehru knew where Netaji
was. Nehru took the Foreign Affairs portfolio himself and appointed
none other than Vijayalekshmi Pandit as the ambassador to
Russia.
After her term was over, Dr S.Radhakrishnan became the
representative to
Russia. Dr Saroj Das of Calcutta University told
his friend Dr R.C.Muzumdar that Radhakrishnan had told him that
Netaji was in
Russia. Radhakrishnan couldn't come before the Khosla
commission due to ill health and treatment in
Madras.
Former Indian ambassador Dr Satyanarayana Sinha once met Georgy
Mukherjee, son of Abani Mukherjee, one of the founder of the
Communist party of India. Georgey Mukherjee told him that his father
and Netaji were prisoners in adjacent cells in
Siberia. He also told
Sinha that Netaji had assumed the name `Khilsai
Malang' there.
Abani Mukherjee was the companion of Virendranath Chattopadhyay,
brother of
Sarojini Naidu, imprisoned in 1937 by Stalin. Both Abanu
Mukherjee and Varindranath Chattopadya were killed by Stalin later.
Dr Sinha came back to
India and reported this fresh news to Nehru.
But to his great surprise and frustration, Sinha was unexpectedly
scolded by Nehru, and ever since, the relationship between the two
deteriorated. Sinha has written this down in his book. He has even
described this incident before the Khosla commission.
There are more details in Page 318 of `Netaji Dead or Alive?' by
Samar Guha. The Hindu, 25.07.1995 wrote, : "Prof. (Samar) Guha also
wanted the centre to seek documents from
Russia,
Britain,
Japan, and
Taiwan. A fresh and thorough investigation is necessary. The
Gorbechev regime has allowed access to secret documents under
Glasnost. He claimed that Mahatma Gandhi,
Jawaharlal Nehru and
others were aware of Netaji's imprisonment in the erstwhile Soviet
Union after
World War II. But they did not want him to return to
India as it would wreck the Govt. and the Congress party. He claimed
that
Jawaharlal Nehru, who had defended the
INA leader, became a
changed person and never spoke of that Army and Netaji after
visiting Singapore in 1946 at the invitation of Lord Louis
Mountbatten. The British authorities too had passed on vital
information to the Govt. of Clements Attlee about Netaji's
disappearance. But the Govt. of
India never took up the matter with
the British Govt."
Russian Connection:
It is not known in
India that the
Soviet Union, along with
Japan,
Germany,
Italy, Imperial
China,
Hungary, and
Romania, has recognized
the Azad Hind Government of Netaji and allowed Netaji to open a
consulate in Siberian city of
Omsk, as the most of the Soviet
administrtation was moved to
Siberia during the Second World War.
According to Prof.Purabi Roy of Jadavpur University, Netaji went to
Manchuria from
Singapore and was received in Manchuria by the Consul
General of the Azad Hind Government's consulate at Omsk city, Kato
Kachu, on August 22-23, 1945. "Kato Kachu was, according to
Japanese researchers, actually an Indian. That name was an alias."
Alexander Kolesnikov, a former major-general of the Warsaw Pact, who
has accessed the files in Paddolsk Military Archive, situated 40 km
from
Moscow in October 1996, said that Josef Stalin, the general-
secretary of the CPSU, and his cabinet were considering various
options to deal with Bose in 1946. During a meeting with an Indian
Parliamentary Delegation to the Russian Federation in 1996, he gave
a written account of all his findings. The delegation, which
included the late Chitta Basu and Sri Jayanta Roy of the Forward
Bloc, brought the writing back to
India. This account is the basis
of the affidavit before the Mukherjee Commission submitted by Prof.
Purabi Roy of Jadavpur University who was sent as part of Asiatic
Society's three-member team to the Oriental Institute,
Moscow to
study Indian documents from 1917-1947. Since Paddolsk was out of
bounds for her being a foreigner, Kolesnikov was assigned the job.
Her findings are:
There are a lot of materials on Subhas bose in the Military Archive
in
Omsk, where the Free Government of India in Exile (or Azad Hind
Government) had a consulate during the Second world War. Just a
request from the Government of India would be sufficient for the
Russian authority to open that archive. Prof.Purabi Roy wrote to the
Government of India about it and as a result her research was
terminated by the Indian government and she could not go back to
Russia again.
Prof.Purabi Roy found out a report of a KGB agent in
Bombay written
in 1946 about the political situation in
India. The report is
saying, "…. it is not possible to work with Nehru or Gandhi, we have
to use Subhas Bose". That implies in 1946 Subhas Bose was still
alive.
The Investigation Commission of Justice Mukherjee, initiated at the
time of the Prime Minister Vajpayee, was cut short and the Justice
Mukherjee was not allowed to go to archives in
Russia as the
Government of India refused to request the Russian government to
allow Mukherjee Commission to do so. Kamal Pandey, the then Home
Secretary has refused to give any access to Justice Mukherjee of the
documents still in the hands of the Government of India. Shah Nawaz
Khan Commission and the Khosla Commission have never visited
Russiaor
Taiwan to investigate, they never sought any help from the Soviet
authority either.
BBC World Service has reported on 4th February 2005 that according
to the
Taiwan Government there were no plane crashes at
Taipeibetween 14 August and 20 September 1945; thus Netaji could not have
died on 18th August 1945.
On 14th August 1945,
Japan has surrendered. There were literary
hundreds of Allied battleship and aircraft carriers all around
Japanand USA had complete control over the airspace of
Japan. It was
impossible for any Japanese military aircraft to go from
Taipei to
Tokyo without being attacked by the US. Why on earth Netaji would
like to go back to Tokyo to surrender himself to the
U.S army who
would definitely hand him over to the British to be killed " on the
spot" as demanded by Lord. Mountbatten! Given the fact that
Japanhad no hostility with the USSR during the whole of the Second World
War, it was only natural for Netaji to go back to the
Soviet Union,
where he went first in 1941 to seek the help of Stalin to liberate
India.
Two Alternative Possibilities:
From the Russian archives it is possible to trace Netaji up to 1948;
thereafter his whereabouts are unknown. After 1955, when Stalin was
denounced in the
Soviet Union, and the victims of Stalin were
rehabilitated, there was no reason for the Soviet authority to hide
the facts on Subhas Bose. Indian government has never asked the
Soviet Union or
Russia in this matter. Mukherjee Commission was not
allowed to touch this matter either. As a result, we still do not
know the whether Netaji was directly killed by Stalin in the Soviet
Union sometime after 1948.
However, from Anuj Dhar's website another possibility has emerged.
There are reports that people have seen Netaji as a prisoner of
British military officers in
Quetta in 1948, who took him away to
the `no-mans land' in the border between Baluchistan and
Iran, most
possibly for execution. Both General Wavell and Lord. Mountbatten
wanted to kill Netaji on the spot without giving him any chance of
huge publicity through any legal trial. The question is whether
Stalin has exchanged Netaji for some very important Russian prisoner
in the hands of the British. One such prisoner was General Vlasov
of the Soviet Army who in 1942 became a prisoner of war in the hand
of the German army. General Vlasov later while being a prisoner
wrote a leaflet calling on the officers of the Red Army and the
Russian intelligentsia to overthrow the Soviet regime of Stalin whom
he accused of being guilty of all the disasters, which had befallen
Russia. General Vlasov had formed an army of more than 200,000 men
to liberate
Russia from Stalin but was forced to surrender to the
British in 1945 after the defeat of
Germany. In 1948, General
Vlasov and his men were sent back by the British to Stalin. General
Vlasov and most of his men were executed. It is not improbable that
Stalin gave Netaji to the British in exchange for General Vlasov,
and British have executed Netaji in the Baluchistan-
Iran border.
This question was not examined by the Mukherjee Commission, as it
had no access to the Russian archive.
Conclusion:
The Mukherjee Commission has raised a lot of questions but no solid
answer except for the one, which is well known. Netaji could not
have died in August 18 in
Taipei. Japanese authority had propagated
the story to safeguard the life of Netaji from the British and
American intelligence services. Habibur Rahman, as loyal companion
of Netaji, kept his promise not to reveal the truth. As a result,
the story of the aircraft accident became the "established truth"
and the facts remain buried. However, the behaviour of the
Indiagovernment is still a mystery. There is no particular reason why
the government is so shy to ask the Russian authority to unearth the
facts.
